The original idea of the device prototype was to float the "sponge" on the surface of the water, allowing it to quickly turn the water into steam by absorbing the energy of the sun. However, in actual tests, it was found that the sponge absorbs pollutants in the water, resulting in degradation of the material. In order to solve this problem, the sponge is floated on the water in the new prototype, and the actual contact sponge is not close to the common e-reader. It has three interlayers: the top is a cermet composite with a porous carbon in the middle. Foam, a material that effectively emits infrared heat at the bottom.
The top layer absorbs short-wave solar energy from sunlight, causing the entire device to heat up. This heat is emitted from the bottom layer in the form of longer wavelength infrared radiation, which is more easily absorbed than sunlight. As a result, the water is heated to 100 ° C (212 ° F) to generate steam vapor. Rising back into the unit, the centrally heated carbon foam layer further heats the steam, which is output through the tubes in the equipment and then used for sterilization, cooking or cleaning tasks.
The research team then tested on the roof of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to produce 146oC (295oF) of steam in a basin of water in a clear environment. It is placed in a polymer housing to help prevent heat from escaping, and a curved mirror that collects sunlight on its surface.
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